Topologically nontrivial magnetic orders have attracted remarkable attention since the discovery of magnetic skyrmions in MnSi [1]. The term “magnetic skyrmion” originally refers to a particle-like swirling spin object in a magnetic material. However, it often appears in a form of periodic lattice, which is regarded as a long-range magnetic order described by multiple magnetic modulation wave...
Polarised neutrons have long been used in reflectometry, diffraction and inelastic scattering to study magnetic structures and dynamics in nano- to meso-scales [1]. Polarisation analysis also provide a complementary tool to deuteration in the determination of coherent and single-particle motions in soft matter studies [2,3], in imaging to quantitatively studying magnetic domain evolution in...
Polarized neutron experiments are an important of the scientific motivation for large scale neutron sources. These experiments often involve the use both the highest available fields and at other times techniques or instrumentation that are highly sensitive to changing magnetic fields or field gradients. This can lead to reduced polarized neutron instrument performance and undesired cross...
The Angular Momentum (AM) of a quantum particle is defined as the sum of an intrinsic part, called spin and an extrinsic or structural part known as Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM). For neutrons OAM is a unique quantum mechanical degree of freedom, as OAM is discrete and can take on any integer value. This means OAM could be used as a qudit, which is thought to have a far wider range of...
All-Optical Switching (AOS) is a phenomenon which is currently attracting significant attention due to its potential applications in magnetic memory storage technologies. The grand advantages against other storage solutions are its high energy efficiency and ultrafast magnetic dynamics [1]. The AOS consists in deterministic reversal processes of magnetic domains induced by femtosecond laser...
Low-dimensional magnetic and superconducting heterostructures, due to the presence of a large number of interesting phenomena, are currently being actively studied. One of the effective methods for studying magnetism is polarized neutron reflectometry, which makes it possible to obtain isotopic and magnetic depth profiles with nanometer resolution. Low-temperature studies of proximity effects...
Plate-like strontium hexaferrite particles SrFe$_{12}$O$_{19}$ have an average size of 50 nm$\times$ 5 nm and coercive force of about 5000 Oe. When dissolved in water, these particles disperse in space with random orientations, but cause of anisotropic steric interactions readily turn and align in magnetic fields demonstrating a phase transition of isotropic-nematic liquid. We use the small...
The antisymmetric Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya interaction (DMI) arises in systems with broken inversion symmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling. In conjunction with the isotropic and symmetric exchange interaction, magnetic anisotropy, the dipolar interaction, and an externally applied magnetic field, the DMI supports and stabilizes the formation of various kinds of complex mesoscale magnetization...
The cubic noncentrosymmetric structure of the B20 compounds causes the formation of a spin spiral with a wave vector $k_s = D/J$ balanced by the competition of antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction and the ferromagnetic exchange interaction (Back-Jensen model) [1,2]. The application of a magnetic field $H$ transforms the helix into a conical structure, which collapses into a...
KWS-3 "VerySANS" is a very-small-angle-neutron-scattering diffractometer operated by Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum MLZ in Garching, Germany. The principle of this instrument is one-to-one imaging of an entrance aperture onto a 2D position sensitive detector by neutron reflection from a double-focusing toroidal mirror to achieve a high Q-resolution...
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The $^3$He neutron spin filter ($^3$He NSF) is a neutron polarization device that uses polarized $^3$He nuclei. It can polarize a wide range of neutron energies, including the epithermal neutron, making it a suitable polarization device for spallation neutron sources. The polarization of $^3$He nuclei is achieved through the Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) method. The SEOP method, using a...
Polarized neutron beams, generated using $^3$He spin filters, provide a valuable approach for separating coherent and incoherent scattering, nuclear and magnetic scattering, and for observing symmetry violations in nuclear reactions. The $^3$He spin filter is suitable for polarizing neutrons with energies ranging from meV to eV, making effective use of J-PARC's high-intensity pulsed neutron...
Honeycomb-lattice materials such as α-RuCl₃ have drawn significant attention for their bond-directional, Kitaev-like exchange interactions, which can stabilize unconventional magnetic ground states [1]. Despite these strong Kitaev couplings, α-RuCl₃ displays a long-range zigzag antiferromagnetic order at low temperatures. A persistent challenge in characterizing this order is the small ordered...
Neutron polarization analysis provides profound additions of knowledge to the field of soft condensed matter research. The ability to separate the coherent and incoherent scattering contributions gives information on spatial correlations and collective motion, and information from single particles, respectively.
In this study, we focus on upgrading the SPHERES (SPectrometer for High Energy...
Equilateral spin triangles have long been a topic of interest in quantum magnetism, offering a fertile ground to explore phenomena such as frustration [1], spin-electric coupling [2], and multiferroic ordering [3]. Despite substantial progress, realizing ideal triangular spin networks remains a challenge, often hindered by structural distortions. The organic compound TNN·CH₃CN overcomes these...
Neutron polariser and analyser based on polarising supermirror technology [1-3] have been enabling the
widespread use of polarised neutrons in the past decades. Polarising supermirror operates on polarised neu-
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The Juelich Centre for Neutron Science at the Maier Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) is known to focus on polarized neutron instrumentation and techniques. We have developed a type of SEOP based in-situ 3He polarized that was first implemented on the magnetism reflectometer MARIA. Since then 6 more devices have been developed based on this basic design for TOPAS, KWS1 and POLI at MLZ and for DREAM and...
Neutron polariser and analyser based on polarising supermirror technology [1-3] have been enabling the widespread use of polarised neutrons in the past decades. Polarising supermirror operates on polarised neutron reflectometry principles and is highly sensitive to incident neutron’s wavelength and incident angle. Modern neutron beamline often uses neutron optical elements such as a...
Polarized neutron experiments are among the most effective methods in materials science, as they can distinguish between nuclear and magnetic scatterings and extract chiral terms. Polarized neutron scattering experiments using a Heusler monochromator have been conducted at JRR-3 in Tokai. However, the neutron energy bandwidth and the accessible wavenumber range are limited, especially in the...
In paper [1], a new neutron transmission supermirror kink polarizer was proposed and briefly reviewed. In paper [2], a proposal was considered to increase the luminous intensity of this polarizer by adding a second element, a direct polarizing neutron guide. At the same time, the angular range of the outgoing beam with high polarization has increased significantly, several times. This...
