Speaker
Description
Understanding the structure of protons and nuclei and their energy distributions evolve is a central goal in both heavy-ion collisions and at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). In this talk, I will first discuss how proton and nuclear shape fluctuations can be extracted within the Color Glass Condensate framework using data from electron–nucleon and electron–nucleus collisions. By incorporating these inputs, we employ an energy evolution model to evolve the gluon profile from low energies to the high energies at the LHC, then providing input for hydrodynamic simulations. This analysis demonstrates that future EIC measurements will yield direct insights into nuclear structure at small x and its energy evolution while offering complementary constraints on the nuclear geometries that play a pivotal role in heavy-ion collisions. Additionally, I will review recent measurements from Oxygen–Oxygen and Neon–Neon collisions, alongside results from the LHCb fixed-target program, which together advance our search for the Quark–Gluon Plasma in small systems and deepen our understanding of nuclear structures.
