Using the TRENTo-3D initial condition model coupled with (3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamic simulations, we systematically investigate the left-right splitting of elliptic flow ($\Delta v_{2}$) for soft particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Our study reveals that the final distribution characteristics of $\Delta v_{2}$ are primarily depend on the odd flow harmonics and $v_{2}$...
Nuclear modifications to collinear parton distribution functions are conventionally quantified by the ratios $ r^{\textrm{A}}_i(x,Q^2) = f^\textrm{A,proton}_i(x,Q^2) / f^\textrm{proton}_i(x,Q^2) $. For a given nucleus $A$, these ratios generally depend on the parton momentum fraction $ x $, the probing scale $ Q^{2} $, and the parton species $ i $. Determining these dependencies relies on a...
Heavy flavor production serves as an ideal probe of the hadronization mechanism in the hot and dense QCD medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Heavy quarks acquire elliptic flow through strong coupling with the medium, making $v_2$ a sensitive observable for probing the hadronization time. In this Letter, we study the production and elliptic flow of $D_s$ and $D^0$ mesons in...
