Conveners
分会4:中微子物理、粒子天体物理与宇宙学
- Chair2:黄永波 (Guangxi University)
- Chair1:贾怡 (高能所)
分会4:中微子物理、粒子天体物理与宇宙学
- Chair2:陈松战 (中科院高能物理研究所)
- Chair1:周也铃 (Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study)
分会4:中微子物理、粒子天体物理与宇宙学
- Chair2:向昕 (上海交大)
- Chair1:马小东 (SCNU)
分会4:中微子物理、粒子天体物理与宇宙学
- Chair3:徐东莲 (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
- Chair2:张宸 (Northeastern University (China))
- Chair1:周也铃 (Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study)
TRIDENT (海铃) is a next-generation deep-sea neutrino telescope currently under development in the South China Sea, aiming to investigate the high-energy Universe through the observation of astrophysical neutrinos. By instrumenting a multi-cubic-kilometre volume of seawater with advanced optical sensors with high photon detection efficiency and precise timing capabilities, TRIDENT is designed to...
We will report on the recent progress of the RECODE experiment and discuss its prospects for probing BSM physics.
宇宙大爆炸约1秒后,中微子便从高温致密的等离子体中退耦,形成了宇宙中微子背景。随着宇宙膨胀,这些遗迹中微子温度已冷却至约1.95 K。由于中微子只发生弱相互作用,其直接探测一直极为困难。现有最受期待的背景中微子探测方案是PTOLEMY实验,但其探测灵敏度受到量子不确定性关系带来的本底限制。在这种情况下,相干散射方案重新受到关注。背景中微子的动量极低,使其能够与厘米尺度的宏观靶物质发生相干散射,使散射截面获得阿伏伽德罗常数量级的增强。然而,这一机制也带来了新的问题,反冲动量会平均分散到大量原子上,使得观测变得不可行。本报告将介绍一种新的背景中微子诱导的过程,利用宇宙背景中微子与低温原子或分子系统的相干散射,诱导其产生参量荧光效应(ν_i + M → ν_j + γ +...
江门中微子实验(JUNO)是一个位于中国江门的多物理目标的中微子实验。JUNO的主要目标是通过观测反应堆中微子来测定中微子质量顺序,并高精度测量中微子振荡参数,包括sin$\theta_{12}$、$\Delta m^{2}_{21}$ 和 $\Delta m^{2}_{31}$。
JUNO的探测器由一个有效质量为2万吨的液体闪烁体中心探测器、一个兼作缪子反符合系统及放射性屏蔽层的水池,以及外层的塑料闪烁体顶部径迹探测器组成。经过十余年的探测器建设和八个月的联合调试阶段,JUNO于2025年8月底开始物理数据采集,并于11月发布了首批物理结果。
本报告将重点介绍基于JUNO运行数月后的反应堆中微子数据的振荡分析结果。
中国锦屏地下实验室的垂直埋深为2400米,是进行低本底中微子实验的理想场所。锦屏中微子实验(JNE)团队将建造一个具有500立方米靶体积的中微子探测器,中心的亚克力容器直径10米,由双向绳网系统吊装在探测器屏蔽水箱中心,允许中微子探测靶材料的密度比屏蔽水高或低20%,安装新型的8英寸微通道板光电倍增管、快速模数转换器读出系统。JNE...
中微子振荡实验已确认中微子具有非零质量并存在轻子味混合,然而中微子质量的起源、轻子混合的结构以及CP破坏的来源,至今仍是粒子物理中悬而未决的核心问题。味对称性被广泛视作理解轻子味结构的关键理论工具,其基本思想是引入作用在不同代费米子之间的对称性,约束轻子质量矩阵,从而解释观测到的混合参数。本报告将首先回顾当前实验给出的轻子混合参数。随后,梳理味对称性理论的发展脉络,重点讨论非阿贝尔分立味对称群在解释轻子混合图像中的作用。进而,阐述广义CP对称性与味对称性相结合如何有效增强理论预言能力。最后,报告将介绍近年来兴起的模对称性框架,并结合当前与未来中微子振荡实验的精密测量,展望味对称性理论在揭示中微子质量起源、轻子CP破坏乃至统一味问题等方面的发展前景。
江门中微子实验(JUNO)是当前国际上重要的大型中微子实验之一,旨在通过高精度探测反应堆中微子事例,开展中微子振荡及相关物理问题的研究。对于大型液体闪烁体探测器而言,准确理解探测器响应、建立稳定可靠的能量标度,并实现高精度能量重建,是保证实验物理结果可靠性的关键基础。
本报告将围绕JUNO探测器刻度和能量重建相关工作展开介绍。报告内容包括探测器刻度体系的总体思路、刻度数据在探测器响应研究中的作用,以及能量重建方法在数据处理和物理分析中的应用。通过综合利用刻度数据、探测器响应模型和重建算法,可以逐步建立对探测器空间响应、时间响应和能量响应的整体理解,并为后续物理分析提供必要的输入和约束。
报告还将简要讨论能量重建性能评估、系统不确定性控制以及相关工作对JUNO核心物理目标的支撑作用。上述研究对于提升JUNO实验的数据质量、完善分析流程和实现高精度中微子测量具有重要意义。
The existence of three distinct neutrino flavors, with oscillations between them, has been established by several experiments over the past decades. However, anomalies observed in experiments such as LSND, MiniBooNE, and gallium source experiments have motivated the hypothesis of an additional neutrino state—a sterile neutrino—that does not interact directly with matter yet oscillates with the...
The ordering of neutrino masses remains a key unknown in particle physics and cosmology. While upcoming oscillation experiments are expected to determine the mass ordering at low energies, it is important to explore complementary probes that access the underlying mechanism of neutrino mass generation. In this work, we show that future high-energy electron–positron colliders can provide...
In this talk, I will discuss coherence effects in non-standard interactions and astrophysical environments. For nonstandard tensor interactions, contributions traditionally considered spin-suppressed can instead receive coherent enhancement within a complete nuclear response framework, leading to cross sections orders of magnitude larger than conventional expectations. In astrophysics,...
位于四川稻城的高海拔宇宙线观测站(LHAASO)在银河系内发现大量拍电子伏伽马源,开启了“超高能伽马天文”观测窗口。但这些源是否为宇宙线的加速源,仍有待确认。高能天体中微子是由高能宇宙线与其他物质相互作用产生的,因其是电中性粒子,且只发生弱相互作用,是寻找高能宇宙线起源的关键信使之一。为此,我们提出在深水下建设30立方公里的阵列来探测高能中微子事例,即高能水下中微子望远镜(HUNT)项目。经过三年的技术积累和试验,我们成功在南海和贝加尔湖开展了样机投放和测试工作,实现多项关键技术突破和验证。本报告将详细介绍HUNT项目的设计、样机性能及测试进展。
江门中微子实验(JUNO)旨在通过精确测量反应堆中微子能谱来确定中微子质量序,这要求探测器达到前所未有的 3% @ 1 MeV 的能量分辨率。为了逼近这一物理极限,并从存在 PE 堆叠和暗噪声光电倍增管(PMT)波形中提取亚纳秒级的时间与电荷信息,JUNO 合作组在其数据分析和重建链条中深度引入了人工智能(AI)与机器学习技术。
本报告将系统性地介绍 JUNO 在波形分析、重建及刻度中使用的核心 AI 方法。报告内容不仅涵盖已取得显著成果的深度学习模型(如卷积神经网络 CNN 与 Transformer),还将重点展示我们在广义机器学习领域的最新前沿探索,如基于 JAX 的可微编程与连续归一化流(cNSF)技术的应用。通过结合物理第一性原理的机器学习架构(如...
畴壁是从早期宇宙相变过程中离散对称性破缺过程中诞生的一类拓扑缺陷。最简单的畴壁来源于$Z_2$对称性的破缺。近年来,人们不再满足于研究这种$Z_2$对称性的破缺产生的简单畴壁,进而开始研究更复杂的离散对称性破缺产生的畴壁,包括更大的循环群$Z_n$以及非阿贝尔对称群$A_4$、$S_4$等。在这些对称性破缺产生的畴壁中,可能存在不稳定畴壁、复合畴壁、CP破坏畴壁等新的现象。
Leptogenesis is a highly competitive class of theories that explains the baryon asymmetry of the universe. In this talk, I will discuss contributions of new physics effects to the Leptogenesis, including but not limited to non-restoration of the electroweak symmetry, chiral magnetic effects, and explicit breaking of the PQ symmetry.
暗物质粒子探测卫星“悟空”号是我国发射的第一颗用于空间高能粒子观测的卫星,其核心科学目标除了通过对电子宇宙线和伽马射线的观测来间接探测暗物质粒子,还包括通过探测宇宙线核素粒子来研究宇宙线物理。宇宙线是来自外太空的高能粒子,主要包括各种原子核和少量的正负电子、高能伽马射线和中微子等。“悟空”号具备优异的电荷分辨本领,可以对高能宇宙线核素粒子进行高精度鉴别,并对它们的能谱在宽能段内进行精确测量。“悟空”号相继在宇宙线成分能谱精确测量方面取得突破性进展,将空间直接测量拓展至PeV能区,发现了系列重要的新能谱结构,为揭示高能宇宙线的起源、加速和传播机制这一重大科学问题提供了新的依据。
This report presents recent LHAASO measurements of Galactic gamma-ray emission, including ultra-high-energy emission from microquasars, diffuse emission from the Galactic plane, and gamma rays from nearby giant molecular clouds. The microquasar observations reveal gamma-ray spectra extending beyond 100 TeV, indicating efficient particle acceleration in accreting black-hole systems. The...
本报告将介绍在1.9到25 GV刚度范围内宇宙线锂-6与锂-7同位素能谱测量结果。该结果基于阿尔法磁谱仪(AMS)2011年5月至2023年10月在轨采集到的97万个锂-6与104万个锂-7同位素事例完成。测量结果表面,锂-6与锂-7同位素能谱具有几乎相同的时间演化结构,在约4 GV之上,锂-6、锂-7、氦、铍、硼、碳、氮、氧原子核具有相同的时间演化结构。在约7 GV之上,锂-6与锂-7同位素能谱具有相同的能谱形状。这揭示了二者均由更重的宇宙线原子核在传播过程中与星际间介质碰撞碎裂而产生的,排除了锂-7同位素能谱中存在显著初级组分的可能性。
本报告将介绍国际空间站上的阿尔法磁谱仪(AMS)对磷、氯、氩、钾、钙等宇宙线重核能谱的最新测量结果。AMS在GV至TV的刚度(动量/电荷)区间内对这五种元素的能谱进行了测量,这是迄今为止对上述宇宙线能量最高、精度最高的观测。通过对能谱结构的深入分析,我们发现上述5种原子核均同时包含初级和次级两种宇宙线成分。此外,我们采用独立于宇宙线传播模型的方法,计算了各原子核在天体源处的丰度比,为研究宇宙线起源提供了关键数据。最后,综合研究AMS所测得的氦至钙(电荷数Z=2-20)原子核能谱的刚度依赖性,我们发现总共存在两类初级宇宙线和两类次级宇宙线,其他所有原子核的能谱,均可由这些初级和次级宇宙线成分的线性叠加来描述。
高能伽马射线观测研究是理解剧烈、瞬变天体活动,诸如宇宙线加速器、银河系超新星、双中子星并合、AGN 等天体现象多信使天文观测研究不可缺少的部分,已成为当今世界上最活跃的非电磁波探测和研究手段。2019年,我国西藏羊八井ASγ实验利用其创新型地下缪子水切伦科夫探测阵列,国际首次发现来自蟹状星云方向能量高于100 TeV(100万亿电子伏特)伽马辐射,最高光子能量达 450 TeV(450万亿电子伏特),宣告对极端宇宙的探索首次迈入 100 TeV 以上观测能区。近年ASγ实验取得了多个重大成果,本报告主要介绍ASγ实验观测现状及其相关天体物理前沿问题。
脉冲星风云(PWN)是银河系内高能粒子的重要加速源,也是研究相对论激波、磁场耗散、粒子输运和宇宙线粒子起源的关键天体系统。近年来,LHAASO凭借在TeV至PeV能区的高灵敏度和大视场巡天能力,显著推进了PWN的超高能伽马射线研究。以Crab Nebula为基准,LHAASO直接探测到PeV伽马射线辐射,证明年轻PWN能够将电子加速到PeV能量;随后,PSR J1849−0001供能的Aquila Booster显示,远低于Crab自转能损失率的脉冲星也可驱动PeV级伽马射线源,并对传统的PWN粒子加速模型提出挑战。与此同时,LHAASO对CTA 1、PSR...
带电宇宙线进入日球层后因太阳调制而发生流强的改变,太阳活动则导致宇宙线流强随时间而变化。精确测量不同种类、不同能量的宇宙线粒子随时间的变化是认识宇宙线日球层传播过程的重要实验手段。阿尔法磁谱仪(AMS)是安装在国际空间站上的大型磁谱仪实验,能够同时测量物质和反物质。本报告将介绍AMS宇宙线自2011年至2025年14.5年间电子、正电子每日流强测量的最新结果,并讨论这些结果所展现的太阳调制与电荷符号、宇宙线本地星际能谱(LIS)等因素的相关性。
Analysis of anisotropy of galactic positrons, electrons, protons and light nuclei has been performed with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station using data from 2011 till 2025. Anisotropy measurement allows to differentiate between point-like and diffuse sources of cosmic rays for the understanding of the origin of high energy positrons or the hardening in the...
引力波的发现赋予了人类研究宇宙的“听觉”。我将报告我们组近期在空间引力波数据处理方面的新进展,包括采用卡曼滤波来处理数据间断[arXiv:2507.02458],使用机器学习[PRD 111 (2025) 103025]、量子计算[PRD 112 (2025) 083004]和基于龙算法的量子计算[arXiv:2603.17698]对引力波数据处理进行加速,以及提高机器学习特征的可解读性[Machine Learning: Sci. Technol. 6 (2025) 035045]等。
The search for the particle nature of dark matter has entered a new era of multi-messenger astrophysics. We are developing a novel tracking-calorimeter to explore two promising indirect detection channels: low-energy cosmic antinuclei and MeV gamma rays. We innovatively hybridize the detection technique using exotic atomic formation/decay and multi-layer Compton imaging into one detector...
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), which is a space-based high energy particle detector, has been operated in orbit for ten years. Thanks to its large geometric factor, good charge resolution and wide dynamic range in energy measurement, DAMPE can provide valuable insights on the energy spectra of cosmic-ray up to hundreds of TeV. Using nine years of on-orbit data, the DAMPE...
Neutron stars (NS's) with their strong magnetic fields and hot dense cores could be powerful probes of axions, a classic benchmark of feebly-coupled new particles, through abundant production of axions with the axion-nucleon coupling and subsequent conversion into X-rays due to the axion-photon coupling. In this article, we point out that the pulsation structures in both the intensity and...
利用AMS宇宙线数据,我们测量了1~42GV宇宙线反质子随时间的变化情况。和其它几种宇宙线基本电荷粒子(质子、正电子、电子)相比,反质子随时间变化规律有着显著的不同。AMS实验的四种宇宙线基本电荷粒子的同步测量,为研究宇宙线在太阳系中的传播规律,及其与粒子质量、电荷符号和能谱形状的关系提供了独特的视角。
Scalar leptoquarks are scalar bosons that couple simultaneously to a quark and a lepton. They commonly appear in the Higgs sectors of grand unified theories. Stringent experimental limits on proton decay imply that these particles are superheavy. Graviton bremsstrahlung from the decays of such superheavy leptoquarks, arising from quantum gravitational processes, offers a promising source of a...
CDEX合作组使用高纯锗半导体探测器在位于四川西昌的中国锦屏地下实验室(CJPL)开展暗物质探测和无中微子双贝塔衰变实验研究。本报告将简要总结CDEX-1和CDEX-10两个实验阶段的物理成果,并重点介绍目前正在建设的CDEX-50暗物质实验和CDEX-300v无中微子双贝塔衰变实验,以及面向未来大型高纯锗阵列实验的一系列关键技术预研。
This talk will present the latest phenomenological and simulated experimental prospective studies on the new physics opportunities at DarkSHINE Experiment by exploring the physics sensitivity of searching for dark fermions/sterile neutrinos and utilizing the positron beam mode to search for Dark Photon invisible decay signals in comparison with electron beam mode sensitivities.
XENONnT 是位于意大利 LNGS 地下实验室的液氙双相时间投影室暗物质直接探测实验。本报告综述其近期物理成果。
在标准 WIMP 搜寻中,XENONnT 基于前两轮科学运行的盲分析对自旋无关与自旋相关 WIMP-核子弹性散射截面给出了更新的上限,覆盖 GeV/$c^2$ 至 TeV/$c^2$ 质量区间。在低能核反冲分析中,借助 $^{88}$YBe 光中子源对探测器低能响应的专门刻度,XENONnT 把灵敏度推进至太阳 $^8$B 中微子相干弹性散射 (CE$\nu$NS) 的能量窗口,并完成了对该过程的测量,给出与既有太阳中微子实验一致的 $^8$B 通量。基于同一数据,报告还将介绍在低动量传递下对弱混合角 $\sin^2\theta_W$ 的测量,对新中间矢量介子 $Z'$ 耦合及中微子电荷半径等超出标准模型情形的约束,以及在 CE$\nu$NS...
Cosmological first-order phase transitions provide a unique window into fundamental physics in the early Universe. Theoretically, they involve intrinsically nonperturbative and nonequilibrium quantum field dynamics. Phenomenologically, they can generate observable stochastic gravitational waves and may also play an important role in explaining the origin of the baryon asymmetry and dark...
Magnetic monopoles arise generically in unified theories and offer a natural explanation of charge quantization. Beyond collider searches and cosmic-ray experiments, their flux is constrained by Parker-type bounds requiring galactic magnetic fields to survive monopole energy extraction. We formulate a self-consistent Parker bound anchored in the lowest eigenmode of the galactic mean-field...
The existence of a landscape of metastable vacua raises the possibility that our Universe may have undergone quantum vacuum decay at late times. This work explores how such a transition can be tested with cosmological observables, focusing on precision distance measurements and cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. A set of phenomenological models is constructed in which late-time...
XENONnT is a dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber operating at LNGS with a 5.9-tonne active target, designed to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). As its sensitivity reaches the irreducible background from solar neutrino coherent scattering, the experiment enters a new regime — the "neutrino fog" — where neutrino and dark matter signals become increasingly...
我们将在报告中介绍一种面向暗光子暗物质探测的实验方案及最新原型机实验结果。该方法利用特殊光学结构增强潜在暗光子信号,并在室温条件下开展探测实验。报告将介绍实验中的弱光标定方法与多像素数据分析策略,以提升对微弱暗光子信号的识别能力。目前原型机已有三个月的曝光数据,尚未观测到具有统计显著性的信号,并据此对暗光子暗物质参数空间给出了约束。
在太阳中微子以及反应堆中微子的物质效应数值计算中,传统处理通常依赖若干理想化近似。对于地球物质传播,常见做法是采用一维球对称的 PREM 密度模型,并通过一阶近似或等效再生因子描述地球物质效应;对于太阳中微子在太阳内部的传播,则常基于两能级绝热演化框架,结合 Landau-Zener 跳跃概率等解析近似来处理太阳内部的 MSW...
Neutrino physics is a frontier and highly active interdisciplinary field in high energy physics. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a medium-baseline, multi-purpose, large-scale neutrino experiment. The major goals are to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy by precisely measuring the energy spectrum of reactor neutrinos, and it is expected to achieve a 3sigma measurement...
Detector identifier and geometry management system plays an important role in every nuclear and particle physics experiment. Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory~(JUNO), a large neutrino experiment whose design started in 2013, has completed detector construction and began data taking in 2025. In this poster, we describe the architecture and implementation of the identifier and geometry...
质量在 2 - 15 MeV 量级的惰性中微子可通过太阳 $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ 中微子混合产生,并部分衰变为 $\nu_{e}e^{+}e^{-}$。其通量和寿命由混合参数 $|U_{eH}|^2$ 和惰性中微子质量 $m_{\nu_H}$ 决定。根据惰性中微子的衰变产物,我们有两种探测方式:探测其在地球探测器中衰变产生的电子对或在探测器外衰变产生的 $\nu_e$。本研究中我们通过模拟得到两种探测方式在 500 吨探测器运行一年下的能谱以及角度分布,结合本底分别给出灵敏度并与现有实验约束比较。两种方式给出的灵敏度在 $(|U_{eH}|^2, m_{\nu_H})$ 空间中互补。
HUNT项目拟建设大规模水下中微子探测器,触发与数据处理流程是评估探测器可用性的重要环节。本报告将介绍HUNT项目背景、现有模拟数据处理流程及触发设计思路,并基于典型信号与背景样本讨论其在信号保留等方面的表现。初步研究表明,在当前模拟条件和算法假设下,现有流程对部分典型事例,尤其是级联型事例,表现出实现稳定触发和支持后续分析的潜力,也为HUNT采用20英寸PMT的方案在典型中微子事例中的可使用性提供了初步支持。
TAO (Taishan Antineutrino Observatory) 是江门中微子实验 (JUNO) 的卫星项目,是精确测量反应堆中微子能谱的前沿装置。TAO探测器距离反应堆44米,位于地平面以下9.6米,宇宙线流强较高。中心探测器 (CD) 外围反符合探测器 (VETO) 负责屏蔽天然放射性并标记宇宙线缪子。作为确保中微子探测精度的关键屏障,VETO的性能与效率直接决定了中微子事例挑选的纯度。本报告将介绍VETO探测器及muon效率分析,并监测探测器效率变化情况。
江门中微子实验(JUNO)的首要物理目标是测量中微子质量顺序和精确中微子振荡参数测量,具有测气中微子、超新星中微子、大气中微子等丰富物理测量目标。中心探测器(CD)部分包含大气中微子事例的测量,为进一步提高江门中微子实验的大气中微子统计量和测量精度,具有重要价值和意义。本报告目标介绍JUNO外层VETO系统特别是8英寸PMT系统,以及与其他子探测器进行关联分析结果。
Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large-scale neutrino experiment situated in southern China, primarily dedicated to determining the neutrino mass ordering and exploring other key topics in neutrino physics. JUNO detector has finished detector commission and officially begun data taking on August 22, 2025. The Data Quality Monitoring (DQM) system plays an indispensable role...
TAO中心探测器刻度主要包括增益(Gain)、时间偏移(Time offset)、暗噪声计数率(DCR)、相对光子探测效率(relative PDE)、外部光学串扰刻度(X-talk)。
The Taishan Anti-neutrino Observatory (TAO) is a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). It is located close to one of the cores of the Taishan nuclear power plant (NPP) and was built to provide a high resolution reference energy spectrum for the neutrino oscillations studies in JUNO.
Event display serves as an indispensable tool in high-energy physics...
Large neutrino telescopes offer unique opportunities to detect neutrinos from the next core-collapse supernova (CCSN), following the only observation in 1987. The TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT), a next-generation detector in the South China Sea, is primarily designed for high-energy neutrinos but is also sensitive to MeV-scale bursts from nearby CCSNe. Such events induce a...
在台山反中微子实验(TAO)中,宇宙线μ子和它的次级产物是本底的主要来源;因此,对μ子的有效探测对降低本底事例至关重要。
TAO的反符合系统主要由水箱(WT)及顶部反符合探测器(TVT)构成。TVT由160条带波长位移光纤(WLS)的塑料闪烁体(96条200×20×2cm3、64条150×20×2cm3)组成,分为四层,每层40条塑闪交错排列。于2025年9月完成搭建,经调试后整体运行稳定,探测性能满足实验预期目标。
由钾-40衰变和铀-238、钍-232衰变链释放出的地球中微子可以充当探测地球内部化学组成的独特探针。本研究拓展了基于切伦科夫液体闪烁体的地球中微子方向性探测方案,使用中微子-电子弹性散射过程探测中微子信号,使用模拟得到了中微子信号方向重建的分辨率,并利用太阳角的筛选条件有效压低了太阳中微子本底。只考虑太阳中微子这一本征本底时,该方案预计在2.8千吨·年的曝光量下,实现钾-40地球中微子$3\sigma$显著度的探测灵敏度。本研究还探讨了基于该方案进行地球大尺度地质结构成像的可行性,并预计在10.6千吨·年的曝光量下以$3\sigma$的显著度排除地球中微子方向均匀分布的假设。
The search for astrophysical neutrinos is largely limited by atmospheric neutrinos, which act as the primary background. At high energies, the prompt component from charm-hadron decays is expected to overtake the conventional atmospheric flux, owing to its harder energy spectrum. However, this prompt flux has so far escaped experimental measurement, making it one of the leading sources of...
High-energy astrophysical neutrinos provide a unique messenger for studying the origin of cosmic rays, making precise direction reconstruction a key task for neutrino telescopes. However, underwater neutrino detectors operate in optical backgrounds induced by PMT dark noise and radioactive decays, which challenge hit selection and track reconstruction, especially for the early-stage TRIDENT...
DAMPE (DArk Matter Particle Explorer) is a space-based particle detector launched in December 2015 to observe high-energy electrons, gamma rays, and cosmic rays. Secondary cosmic ray fluxes serve as key probes of the propagation and interaction of high-energy particles in the Galaxy. Spectral measurements of secondary nuclei, such as lithium, beryllium, boron, as well as their ratios to...
After fifteen years of operation on board the International Space Station, AMS has performed precise measurements of high-energy solar energetic particles (SEPs), mostly observed during the solar maxima of cycles 24 and 25. AMS has collected data on more than 60 high-energy SEP events accelerated during M- and X-class flares and associated with fast coronal mass ejections. AMS detects these...
We present the properties of the flux of primary cosmic Ni nuclei in the rigidity range from 3 GV to 1.3 TV, based on 30,000 nuclei collected by Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer during 13.5 years of operation from May 2011 to November 2024. The rigidity dependence of the Ni/Fe flux ratio will be equally discussed.
电磁量能器(ECAL)作为AMS实验中高能电磁簇射测量和粒子鉴别的核心探测器,在电子/正电子能量测量、质子背景抑制、光子方向重建以及高能宇宙线物理分析中发挥关键作用。随着TeV能区统计量的积累,传统基于人工变量和多变量判别的方法在复杂三维簇射形态刻画、能量依赖性建模和极端背景抑制方面面临更高要求。本报告将介绍基于深度学习的AMS-ECAL重建方法研究进展。通过将ECAL的多层三维能量沉积信息转化为适合神经网络处理的图像化输入,并采用残差神经网络(ResNet)结构,可实现对电磁簇射轴方向、入射位置以及电子/质子粒子鉴别的端到端建模。该方法能够自动学习纵向和横向簇射发展特征,增强对高能电磁簇射拓扑结构的识别能力,并为独立于硅径迹探测器的量能器重建提供新的技术路径。这些研究对于提升AMS在高能正负电子谱、正电子超额、可能的暗物质或天体源信号搜索等物理测量中的分析能力具有重要意义。
AMS-02的精确测量揭示了带电宇宙线基本粒子的特性。在刚度绝对值~60到~500GV范围中,反质子与质子流强有着相同的刚度依赖关系。这一行为表明,相较传统理论中由宇宙线碰撞产生的次级反质子,高能反质子存在超出。同时,反质子流强与正电子流强在~60到~500GV能区中也表现出相同的刚度依赖关系。正电子/反质子流强之比与能量无关,比值大致为常数2。
We present the precision measurement of the daily proton and helium fluxes by AMS during 14.5 years of operation aboard the International Space Station. The measurements cover the rigidity ranges from 1 to 100 GV for protons and from 1.7 to 100 GV for helium. The observed fluxes exhibit variations on multiple time scales. On short time scales, recurrent periodicities of 27 are especially...
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a satellite-borne cosmic particle detector which was launched on Dec. 17th, 2015 into a sun-synchronous orbit with the tilt angle of 97.4 degree. The high energy resolution and large geometric acceptance make the detector suitable for the cosmic ray electron (plus positron) measurement. In this work, the time-dependent electron flux was measured...
The modulation effect of cosmic-ray muon flux measured in underground laboratories with atmospheric temperature has been observed in early underground experiments. The muon event rate is positively correlated with atmospheric temperature changes, which can be explained by the related theories of Barrett, Gaisser, and others. However, at the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment, a nonlinear phenomenon...
Next-generation neutrino telescopes offer a powerful probe of high-energy dark matter, a regime that remains largely unexplored. We forecast the sensitivity of TRIDENT to dark matter annihilation in the Galactic Centre over $10^3$ to $10^5$ GeV. The analysis is carried out with all-flavour neutrino interactions, showing that cascade-like events can offer a promising search channel,...
RELICS实验计划采用两相型液氙时间投影室(LXeTPC)探测反应堆中微子产生的中微子-原子核相干弹性散射信号(CE$\nu$NS)。为实现亚keV核反冲的探测灵敏度,必须将液氙中的电负性杂质浓度维持在足够低的水平,以避免信号衰减。为此,我们建立了一个能够定量描述探测器内液氙中杂质输运过程的纯度演化模型。该模型综合考虑了运行中循环、液化与气化等输运机制,用以评估实际操作与系统设计对纯化性能的影响。本报告将介绍如何利用两次原型机运行数据对该纯度模型进行构建与验证,并将其应用于未来RELICS探测器纯化性能的预测。