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摘要：
The onset of hydrodynamics in the hot medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is a crucial theoretical question. A first-principle simulation requires a real-time, non-perturbative calculation of the quantum system. In this work, we perform such simulations using the tensor network method, which enables large-scale quantum many-body simulations by retaining only the most essential quantum states for collective behaviors. We focus on the massive Schwinger model, a low-dimensional analog of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), as they share important properties such as confinement and chiral symmetry breaking.
Starting from an initial state that puts a localized excitation atop the vacuum and mimics the energy deposition from colliding nuclei, we observe hydrodynamic behavior consistent with Bjorken flow in all relevant degrees of freedom: energy density, fluid velocity, and bulk pressure. The time scale for hydrodynamic onset aligns with the thermalization time of the quantum distribution function. This simulation provides a controllable tool to test microscopic theories of hydrodynamics in a strong-coupling quantum system.
个人简介：
施舒哲系清华大学物理系助理教授（2023年4月至今）。他先后于清华大学和Indiana University, Bloomington获得硕士（2015）和博士（2018）学位，此后分别于McGill University和Stony Brook University从事博士后研究。他的研究专注于高能标下QCD主导的多体物理，也就是相对论重离子碰撞相关物理，并利用包括传统唯像理论模拟计算和量子模拟计算等技术进行相关研究。