Directed flow $v_1$ has been used to probe the early dynamics in high-energy nuclear collisions. The vector meson $\phi(s\bar{s})$, with a mass comparable to that of light baryons and weak hadronic interactions, provides a unique probe of the interplay between particle production mechanisms and early-stage dynamics in high-density nuclear matter.
In this talk, we report measurements of...
Measurements of identical pion femtoscopy offer insights into collision dynamics, such as collective expansion, geometry of the collision zone at freeze-out, final state interactions, etc. In addition to the quantum interference and Coulomb interactions among the pion pairs, Coulomb interactions between the pair and the net positive charge in the emitting source affect the final correlation...
This report investigates the infrared structure of QCD through the lens of the Cho–Faddeev–Niemi decomposition and Faddeev–Niemi effective theory. We argue that gluon knots, as topological solitons characterized by the Hopf invariant, constitute the relevant infrared ground-state degrees of freedom of Yang–Mills fields. Within this framework, we present a unified mechanism for monopole...
